Significance Of Identifying Prediabetes
Even prediabetic stages such as IFG and IGT carry high risk for vascular complications such as cardiovascular diseases. The recent estimates by the International Diabetes Federation 1 indicate that globally there are more than 316 million people with IGT. Among them, more than 70 per cent live in LMIC1.
It is also important to note that currently one third of those who have IGT are in the productive age between 20-39 yr and, therefore, are likely to spend many years at high risk of developing diabetes and/or complications of diabetes1. Some persons with prediabetes experience reactive hypoglycaemia 2-3 hours after a meal. This is a sign of impaired insulin metabolism indicative of impending occurrence of diabetes. Therefore, periodic medical check-up in people with such signs or risk factors for diabetes would reduce the hazards involved in having undiagnosed diabetes. It would help improve the health status of a large number of people who otherwise would be silent sufferers from the metabolic aberrations associated with diabetes.
How Is Diabetes Diagnosed
Your doctor may use one or more tests to screen for diabetes. The glycated hemoglobin test is most common.
This is a blood test that indicates your average blood sugar level during the previous 2 to 3 months. It measures the amount of blood sugar attached to hemoglobin. The higher your blood sugar levels are, the more hemoglobin is attached to sugar.
If you receive an A1C level of 6.5 percent or higher on two separate tests, your doctor will diagnose diabetes. Your doctor will diagnose prediabetes if your A1C level is between 5.7 and 6.4. Anything below an A1C level of 5.7 is considered to be typical.
If these results arent consistent, your doctor will move on to other testing options. Conditions that can lead to inaccurate results include:
Other testing options include:
- Random blood sugar test. Your doctor will take your blood sample at a random time. If your blood sugar levels are 200 milligrams per deciliter or higher, you likely have diabetes.
- Fasting blood sugar test. Your doctor will take your blood sample after a period of fasting. If your blood sugar levels are 126 mg/dL or higher, you will receive a diagnosis of diabetes.
You should have these readings confirmed on a separate day. Your doctor may also recommend an oral glucose tolerance test.
Speak with your doctor about which screening method is right for you and what you can do to prepare.
Itching And Yeast Infections
Excess sugar in the blood and urine provides food for yeast, which can lead to infection. Yeast infections tend to occur on warm, moist areas of the skin, such as the mouth, genital areas, and armpits.
The affected areas are usually itchy, but a person may also experience burning, redness, and soreness.
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Early Signs And Symptoms Of Diabetes: How To Tell If You Have It
With type 1 diabetes, the symptoms usually happen quickly, in a matter of days or a few weeks. They’re much more severe, too. They’re much more severe, too. Early Signs of Diabetes.
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Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors
You may be high risk for developing Type 2 diabetes if you:
- Are overweight or obese
- Were previously diagnosed with gestational diabetes, depression, or polycystic ovary syndrome
- You gave birth to a baby that weighed nine or more pounds.
If you are Black, Hispanic, Native American, Latino, or Asian, you are at a higher risk for Type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes.
Youve Dark Skin Patches
Dark velvety skin patches in certain body parts are symptoms of prediabetes a condition that indicates early onset of diabetes. Prediabetics are often at risk of developing type 2 diabetes later on.
In some women, symptoms of too high blood sugar can develop diabetic dermopathy. This condition causes circular, scaly, red, black, or brown patches on feet. They are easily visible and usually at the front of the feet.
If you notice any visible dark spots on the neck, legs, groin, underarms, or elsewhere, it may be one of the early signs of diabetes.
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What Are The Symptoms Of Diabetes
T1D is identified in children and adults as they show signs of the following symptoms:
Although the signs of diabetes can begin to show early, sometimes it takes a person a while to recognize the symptoms. This often makes it seem like signs and symptoms of diabetes appear suddenly. Thats why its important to pay attention to your body, rather than simply brushing them off. To that end, here are some type 1 and type 2 diabetes symptoms that you may want to watch out for:
If youre experiencing frequent urination your body might be telling you that your kidneys are trying to expel excess sugar in your blood. The resulting dehydration may then cause extreme thirst.
Along the same lines, the lack of available fluids may also give you dry mouth and itchy skin.
If you experience increased hunger or unexpected weight loss it could be because your body isnt able to get adequate energy from the food you eat.
High blood sugar levels can affect blood flow and cause nerve damage, which makes healing difficult. So having slow-healing cuts/sores is also a potential sign of diabetes.
Yeast infections may occur in men and women who have diabetes as a result of yeast feeding on glucose.
Early Signs Associated With Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is the most common type. Although it primarily develops in adults, its beginning to show up more frequently in younger people. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include:
- being overweight
- being sedentary
- having a family history of type 2 diabetes
Many people with type 2 diabetes dont experience any symptoms. Sometimes, these symptoms are slow to develop.
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How Diabetes Is Diagnosed
Standard tests for diagnosing diabetes include:
Fasting blood sugar test: A blood sample is taken after youve fasted overnight.
A fasting blood sugar level from 100 to 125 mg/dL is considered prediabetes. Anything over 126 mg/dL is considered diabetes.
Glycated hemoglobin test: A measure of how much glucose is stuck to your hemoglobin cells, this reveals your average blood sugar level for the past two to three months.
An A1C level of 6.5 percent or higher indicates diabetes. Between 5.7 and 6.4 percent indicates prediabetes.
What Are The Early Symptoms For Type 2 Diabetes
In type 2 diabetes, the progression from fully healthy to diagnosed diabetes can be a slow progression over a period of years. The body continues to make insulin, but the cells slowly lose the ability to access it, and the glucose levels begin to climb and the body starts producing more insulin to compensate for high blood sugar levels. The change might not be immediately noticeable since there is zero painassociated with this process. But the warning signs of long-term elevated blood glucose begin to manifest all throughout the body.
Your eyes struggle as the glucose wears on the blood vessels. With early intervention this can be treated, but left untreated for too long, a condition called diabetic retinopathy can occur and cause permanent long-term damage to the blood vessels of the eyes.
Hands and feet can experience numbness and tingling fromperipheral neuropathy, a painful problem affecting nerves in your hands and feet . The excess glucose creates a breeding ground for advantageous fungal infections systemically on your skin, nails, and genitals. This yeasty beasty can cause even the smallest wound to take forever to healif it heals at all.
Early intervention and correction for elevated blood glucose can promote proper circulation and healing. If left unchecked too long, wounds can become infected and cause more problems down the road.
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Youre Suddenly Losing Weight
Fluctuating weight is also a shocking symptom of diabetes in women thats often ignored.
Low levels of insulin affect sugar absorption and energy generation. So your body finds new ways to replace glucose. The easiest way is to burn excess fat and use it to generate energy, causing sudden weight loss.
If youve lost up to 5% or more of your body weight within a short period, it could be a sign of too high blood sugar levels.
Frequent Urination Leads To Loss Of Water
An average person urinates between four to seven times in 24 hours. However, a person having diabetes might go to pee more than usual. In the case of a normal health condition, your body reabsorbs glucose while it passes through the kidneys. However, in the case of diabetes affected person, the high blood sugar level of your body reduces the capability of the kidney to bring it all back in. It leads to the production of more urine in your body and increases your urge to urinate even after you havent drunk water in hours. During this condition, you will also be thirstier than usual and drink more water, hence, peeing more.
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When To Get Screened For Diabetes
A blood test can spot diabetes or prediabetes long before symptoms occur, says Cox. So you shouldnt wait for symptoms to develop before getting tested.
Christine Lee, M.D., M.S., of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , agrees.
Dont wait for warning signsbe warned by your risk factors, Dr. Lee says.
Talk to your health-care provider about scheduling a diabetes screening if you have any of the following risk factors:
- First-degree relative with diabetes
- Low HDL cholesterol and/or high triglycerides
- Women with polycystic ovary syndrome
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Some racial/ethnic groups: African Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, American Indians, Pacific Islanders, and some Asian Americans
Depending on the findings, your doctor can advise you on how often to get screened going forward, Dr. Lee says. If you have prediabetes, you should be screened every year, she adds.
Early Signs And Symptoms Of Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is a disease in which your body doesnât make enough of a hormone called insulin or doesnât use insulin the way it should. Insulin helps carry glucose to your cells. So when thereâs a problem with the insulin, glucose builds up in your blood. Youâve probably heard this called high blood sugar.
About 90% of people who have diabetes have type 2. The other two main ones are type 1, in which your body stops making insulin, and gestational, which happens in pregnant women.
You can usually control type 2 diabetes with lifestyle changes. Some people also need medication.
You might not know that you have type 2 diabetes until it affects your health. About 1 in 4 people with the condition donât know that they have it.
Symptoms can come on slowly. They may include:
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What Are The Early Signs Of Diabetes In Women
The first thing you should know is that the early signs of diabetes type 1 generally appear during childhood or teens. In other words, youre born with this autoimmune condition.
On the other hand, diabetes type 2 symptoms could develop over the years as you age. Since its caused by lifestyle changes, they are a lot more difficult to diagnose.
Lets go over the first warning symptoms of high blood sugar that you need to look out for:
Early Warning Signs & Symptoms Of Als Amyotrophic
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Early Diagnosis And Treatment Can Make A World Of Difference
Check-in with your primary health practitioner and discuss your concerns. A simple office visit, and a finger stick or lab draw, can supply them and you both a wealth of information. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a world of difference in stemming the tide of those early symptoms, and your doctor or nurse practitioner will be GLAD to open a dialogue with you.
According to theWorld Health Organization , about 422 million people worldwide have diabetes. The American Diabetes Association estimated that out of the 34.2 million American adults with clinical diabetes, over 20% of them were unaware and undiagnosed.
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How Diabetes Is Treated
While there is no cure for diabetes, lifestyle changes and medication can help you manage the condition and possibly put it into remission.
Clinical research from the U.K. found high rates of diabetes remission among patients who lost at least 22 pounds and kept it off.
In other research from the NIDDK , lifestyle changes helped people with type 2 diabetes lower the risk of heart problems, improve mobility, and reduce frailty risk.
Bottom line: Theres a lot you can do to prevent or manage diabetes, but it starts with getting yourself screened so you can make informed choices.
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Type 2 Diabetes In Children
Type 2 was once called adult-onset diabetes because it was rare in children and teens. But it has become more common since the mid-1990s, in large part because more young people are overweight or obese, a risk factor for the disease.
Children are also at higher risk of type 2 diabetes if they donât get enough exercise or if they have a close relative with the condition. African American, Hispanic, Native American, Alaska Native, Asian American, and Pacific Islander children are more likely to get it.
High Cholesterol And High Blood Pressure Treatment
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Talking To Your Doctor About Diabetes
As is the case with so many medical conditions, getting an early diagnosis is critical to staying as healthy as you can. With diabetes, this is particularly important as the long-term consequences of living with diabetes include permanent nerve damage, heart disease, kidney disease, and other potentially lethal complications. In the case of type 2 diabetes, the main causes of disease onset are linked to lifestyle factors, so an early diagnosis can allow you time to make changes to your diet and lifestyle that can delay, stall, or even reverse the progress of your symptoms.
At TrustCare, we know the first steps to finding a diagnosis can be the most difficult. Our many walk-in clinics are open seven days a week to make it as easy as possible to get access to medical professionals who can help you understand what is going on in your body.
With rates of prediabetes running at nearly three times the number of confirmed cases of type 2 diabetes, the chance that you may be at risk of diabetes or already in the early stages of the disease is quite high. Early symptoms like frequent urination may not seem alarming, but if they appear alongside risk factors such as obesity, you should visit your healthcare provider as soon as you can.
What Can Increase Your Risk Of Developing Type 2 Diabetes
The Mayo Clinic lists the following factors:
Weight.Excess body fat makes the body resistant to the effects of insulin, which can eventually result in high blood glucose levels over time and the development of diabetes. This is the reason why lifestyle modifications, through diet and exercise, and weight loss are emphasized, along with medications for diabetes,” says Dr. Kalyani.
Family history. Does a parent or sibling have type 2 diabetes? Then youre at increased risk.
Lack of exercise. The less you move around, the greater your risk is. Exercise is key in three ways: It helps you keep your weight under control it helps your body use up glucose as energy and as the Mayo Clinic says, it makes your cells more sensitive to insulin.
Race or ethnicity. Dr. Kalyani notes that Black, Hispanic/Latino, Asian and Native American people are at higher risk.
Gestational diabetes. Did you develop this when you were pregnant? Women with a history of gestational diabetes are at an especially high risk of developing type 2 diabetes during their lifetime, says Dr. Kalyani. Same thing if your wee one weighed in at more than 9 pounds at birth.
Age. As you get up in years, your chance of diabetes increases. Maybe youre exercising less, putting on pounds, and losing muscle mass. But know this: As Dr. Kalyani points out, kids, teens, and young adults are seeing their rates increase, so age isnt everything.
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