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Is Insulin For Type 2 Diabetes

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Diabetes Insulin Drug Prices

Understanding Type 2 Diabetes

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  • Medicines For Type 2 Diabetes

    There are many types of medicine for type 2 diabetes. It can take time to find a medicine and dose that’s right for you.

    You’ll usually be offered a medicine called metformin first.

    You may need to take extra medicines, or a different medicine such as insulin, if:

    • treatment is not keeping your blood sugar levels within a healthy range
    • you have heart problems or need to lose weight

    Your GP or diabetes nurse will recommend the medicines most suitable for you.

    Your medicine might not make you feel any different, but this does not mean it’s not working. It’s important to keep taking it to help prevent future health problems.

    Things To Remember In Order To Change Insulin Doses:

    • If the pattern happens at the blood sugar check before breakfast, change the long-acting insulin dose by 10 percent.
    • If the pattern happens at the blood sugar check before lunch, change the breakfast rapid-acting insulin dose by 10 percent.
    • If the pattern happens at the blood sugar check 2 to 3 hours after lunch, change the lunch rapid-acting insulin dose by 10 percent.
    • If the pattern happens at the blood sugar check 2 to 3 hours after supper , change the supper rapid-acting insulin dose by 10 percent.
    • If your blood sugar is above 180 two to three hours after a meal, ask yourself what caused this.
    • Common reasons for high blood sugar 2 to 3 hours after eating are:
    • Not taking insulin at least 15 minutes before eating
    • Eating too much carbohydrate or too much quick-acting carbohydrate
    • Not taking enough insulin to cover the carbohydrate
    • Not eating protein or fat in your meal
    • Eating a very high fat meal

    If you rule out numbers 1 and 2, you may need to take more insulin next time.

    • If the pattern is high blood sugar, you will increase the insulin dose that affects that column of blood sugars.
    • If the pattern is low blood sugar, you will decrease the insulin dose that affects that column of blood sugars.

    Also Check: Weekly Diet Plan For Type 2 Diabetes

    Read Also: Low Blood Sugar And Blood Pressure Relationship

    Will I Need Medication Or Insulin For Type 2 Diabetes

    Some people take medication to manage diabetes, along with diet and exercise. Your healthcare provider may recommend oral diabetes medications. These are pills or liquids that you take by mouth. For example, a medicine called metformin helps control the amount of glucose your liver produces.

    You can also take insulin to help your body use sugar more efficiently. Insulin comes in the following forms:

    • Injectable insulin is a shot you give yourself. Most people inject insulin into a fleshy part of their body such as their belly. Injectable insulin is available in a vial or an insulin pen.
    • Inhaled insulin is inhaled through your mouth. It is only available in a rapid-acting form.
    • Insulin pumps deliver insulin continuously, similar to how a healthy pancreas would. Pumps release insulin into your body through a tiny cannula . Pumps connect to a computerized device that lets you control the dose and frequency of insulin.

    When To Contact A Medical Professional

    New Oral Insulin Pill to Cure Type 2 Diabetes
    • Shortness of breath
    • Red, painful skin that is spreading quickly

    These symptoms can quickly get worse and become emergency conditions .

    Also contact your provider if you have:

    • Numbness, tingling, or pain in your feet or legs
    • Problems with your eyesight
    • Sores or infections on your feet
    • Symptoms of high blood sugar
    • Symptoms of low blood sugar
    • Frequent feelings of depression or anxiety

    Also Check: When Does Type 2 Diabetes Need Insulin

    How Have Existing Guidelines Embraced This New Information

    Very little new empirical research focusing on insulin dosing in CSII in T1D has been published since the King and Kuroda studies described earlier . Nevertheless, one retrospective study of 170 pump-treated patients with T1D from Spain that focused on establishing the CIR found that the mean CIR in the morning was 350/TDD for breakfast and 400/TDD for other meals . The TBD/TDD reported in that study was quite high, 58 %, and it was not stated whether the TBD had been set by standardized diet, intense glucose monitoring, and meal omissions.

    Hypoglycemia From Not Eating Enough

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    Other Types Of Insulin Are Injected

    Other than one type of inhalable insulin, all other types of insulin are given by injection. Intermediate-and long-acting insulin can only be injected. Insulin cant be taken in pill form because your digestive enzymes would break it down before it could be used in your body.

    Insulin should be injected into the fat just below your skin. You can inject it into the fat of your abdomen, thighs, buttocks, or upper arms.

    Growing Evidence For Insulin Therapy

    Insulin Receptor and Type 2 Diabetes

    As noted above, a commonly accepted view is that type 2 diabetes develops when insulin secretion can no longer compensate for the underlying metabolic disturbance. As secretory capacity progressively declines with time , it is understood that most people with type 2 diabetes will eventually require insulin therapy. Increasing use of therapies to protect against cardiovascular disease is extending the life of people with diabetes , and consequently more people will come to need insulin therapy. Diagnosis at a younger age will also extend the time of active treatment of diabetes. The effect of use of insulin in type 2 diabetes from the time of diagnosis has been evaluated in clinical trials, notably the UK Prospective Diabetes Study and Outcome Reduction With Initial Glargine Intervention . UKPDS showed that early and continued glucose control can reduce microvascular complications and, in the long-term, improve cardiovascular prognosis . The beneficial effect of insulin therapy is further supported by studies in type 1 diabetes where it is apparent that if insulin therapy is used effectively to induce early glycemic control, both micro- and macrovascular protection is achieved . Although it is acknowledged that achieving HbA1c< 53 mmol/mol is a difficult task, improvement of glycemic control with insulin is associated with improved patient well-being even if the HbA1c target is not achieved .

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    Benefits Dependent On Age At Treatment Initiation And Side Effects

    For their study, led by Sandeep Vijan, professor of internal medicine at the University of Michigan Medical School, the team assessed 5,102 patients in the UK with type 2 diabetes who managed their condition through the use of insulin pills or injections.

    Over a 20-year follow-up, the researchers looked at how the treatments affected patients overall quality of life and whether they were effective in reducing their risk of diabetes complications.

    They then compared the reduced risk of such complications with the burden of using diabetes medications and the side effects associated with them.

    According to the researchers, they found that the benefits of insulin therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes are very much dependent on their age at treatment initiation and the potential side effects, rather than their blood sugar levels.

    For example, they estimate that a person with type 2 diabetes who begins insulin therapy at age 45 and lowers their hemoglobin A1c levels by 1% may experience an extra 10 months of healthy life.

    But for a patient who starts treatment for type 2 diabetes at age 75, they estimate the therapy may only gain them an additional 3 weeks of healthy life. The researchers say this prompts the question is 10-15 years of pills or injections with possible side effects worth it?

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    Exceptions To Insulin Dosing And Timing

    Long-acting insulins arenât tied to mealtimes. Youâll take detemir once or twice a day no matter when you eat. And youâll take glargine once a day, always at the same time. Deglutec is taken once a day, and the time of day can be flexible. But some people do have to pair a long-acting insulin with a shorter-acting type or another medication that does have to be taken at meal time.

    Rapid-acting products can also be taken right after you eat, rather than 15 minutes before mealtime. You can take some of them at bedtime.

    For more information about when to take insulin, read the “dosing and administration” section of the insulin product package insert that came with your insulin product, or talk with your doctor.

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    Insulin Blood Sugar And Type 2 Diabetes

    Insulin is a key player in developing type 2 diabetes. This vital hormoneyou cant survive without itregulates blood sugar in the body, a very complicated process. Here are the high points:

    • The food you eat is broken down into blood sugar.
    • Blood sugar enters your bloodstream, which signals the pancreas to release insulin.
    • Insulin helps blood sugar enter the bodys cells so it can be used for energy.
    • Insulin also signals the liver to store blood sugar for later use.
    • Blood sugar enters cells, and levels in the bloodstream decrease, signaling insulin to decrease too.
    • Lower insulin levels alert the liver to release stored blood sugar so energy is always available, even if you havent eaten for a while.

    Thats when everything works smoothly. But this finely tuned system can quickly get out of whack, as follows:

    • A lot of blood sugar enters the bloodstream.
    • The pancreas pumps out more insulin to get blood sugar into cells.
    • Over time, cells stop responding to all that insulintheyve become insulin resistant.
    • The pancreas keeps making more insulin to try to make cells respond.
    • Eventually, the pancreas cant keep up, and blood sugar keeps rising.

    What Are The Symptoms Of Type 2 Diabetes

    Illustration of insulin and glucose production in Type 2 diabetes Stock ...

    Symptoms may include:

    • Dry, itchy skin
    • Tingling or loss of feeling in the hands or feet

    Some people who have type 2 diabetes dont have symptoms. Symptoms may be mild and you may not notice them. Half of all Americans who have diabetes don’t know it.

    The symptoms of type 2 diabetes may be like other health problems. Seeee your healthcare provider for a diagnosis.

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    Do You Have Insulin Resistance

    How do you find out if youre insulin resistant? No one test will tell you, but if you have high blood sugar levels, high triglycerides , high LDL cholesterol, and low HDL cholesterol, your health care provider may determine you have insulin resistance.

    Important note: Type 1 diabetes is different its thought to be caused by an autoimmune reaction . People with type 1 diabetes dont make enough insulin and need to take it to survive.

    Concerns About Insulin Therapy

    Pain, weight gain, and hypoglycemia may occur with insulin therapy. Pain is associated with injection therapy and glucose monitoring, although thinner and shorter needles are now available to help decrease pain. Weight gain associated with insulin therapy is due to the anabolic effects of insulin, increased appetite, defensive eating from hypoglycemia, and increased caloric retention related to decreased glycosuria. In the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study, patients with type 2 diabetes who were taking insulin gained an average of 8 lb, 13 oz , which was associated with a 0.9 percent decrease in A1C level compared with patients on conventional therapy.5

    Hypoglycemia may occur from a mismatch between insulin and carbohydrate intake, exercise, or alcohol consumption. Hypoglycemia has been associated with an increased risk of dementia and may have implications in cardiac arrhythmia. 6,7 All patients should be instructed on the symptoms and treatment of hypoglycemia. American Diabetes Association guidelines recommend that the blood glucose level be checked if hypoglycemia is suspected , then treated with a fast-acting carbohydrate, such as juice or glucose tablets. The blood glucose level should be rechecked after 15 minutes to make sure it has normalized.8

    Recommended Reading: How To Educate A Diabetic Patient

    How To Get Free Prescriptions For Diabetes Medicine

    If you take diabetes medicine, you’re entitled to free prescriptions for all your medicines.

    To claim your free prescriptions, you’ll need to apply for an exemption certificate. This is known as a PF57 form. To do this:

    • fill in a form at your GP surgery
    • you should get the certificate in the post about a week later â it’ll last for 5 years
    • take it to your pharmacy with your prescriptions

    Save your receipts if you have to pay for diabetes medicine before you receive your exemption certificate. You can claim the money back if you include the receipts along with your completed PF57 form.

    Managing Diabetes With Insulin

    Insulin Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

    Injections of insulin can help manage both types of diabetes. The injected insulin acts as a replacement for, or a supplement to, your bodys natural insulin.

    People living with type 1 diabetes cant make insulin, so they must inject insulin to control their blood glucose levels.

    Many people living with type 2 diabetes can manage their blood glucose levels with lifestyle changes and oral medication. However, if these treatments dont help control glucose levels, people living with type 2 diabetes may also need supplemental insulin.

    Also Check: Medicaid For Type 1 Diabetes

    Restoring Natural Insulin Patterns

    Nondiabetic pancreases self-regulate the amount of insulin secreted, acting in response to changes in blood glucose concentration that result from the ingestion of food. In people with diabetes, however, bolus and basal glucose levels are increased thus, strategies for insulin replacement must focus on mimicking the phases of insulin secretion. shows available insulins by onset, peak, and usual effective duration.

    What Are The Different Types Of Insulin

    The key to transitioning to insulin is knowing your options. Some people taking insulin need to use both a basal and a prandial insulin each day, while others may only need to use basal insulin. Learn about your options here.

    • Basal insulins are designed to be injected once or twice daily to provide a constant background level of insulin throughout the day. Basal insulins help keep blood sugars at a consistent level when you are not eating and through the night but cannot cover carbohydrates eaten for meals or snacks or glucose spikes after meals.

    • Some people use other medications, like GLP-1 agonists, to help cover mealtimes. GLP-1/basal combination treatments for people with type 2 diabetes combine basal insulin with GLP-1 agonist medication in one daily injection. This combination can effectively lower glucose levels while reducing weight gain and risk of hypoglycemia . Learn more here.

  • Prandial insulins are taken before mealtime and act quickly to cover carbohydrates eaten and bring down high sugar levels following meals. Ultra-rapid-acting prandial insulins can act even more rapidly in the body to bring down glucose levels. Rapid and ultra-rapid insulins are also taken to correct high glucose levels when they occur or are still persistent a few hours after a meal.

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