Make A Note Of Your Readings
It may sound obvious, but you must record your readings. Note them down in a diary, a notebook or in your phone calendar. Some meters have software that lets you do this. You could try a diabetes app too.
You and your healthcare team can then look back over your results to see if you need to adjust your treatment.
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The Impact Of Brief High
Type 2 diabetes is a worldwide epidemic associated with obesity and a sedentary lifestyle.1 The estimated lifetime risk of developing diabetes for a person born in the United States in 2000 is 32.8% for males and 38.5% for females.2 Diabetes increases morbidity and mortality due to heart disease, stroke, blindness, kidney failure, foot problems, and periodontal disease,3 and has a significant impact on quality of life.4 In 2010 it accounted for US$376 billion or 12% of the global health expenditure. This is approximately US$1330 per person per year.5
Treatment goals for patients with diabetes include achieving and maintaining optimal blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid levels in order to prevent or delay the progression of chronic complications.6 Exercise, along with diet and weight control, is considered essential for the prevention and management of diabetes. Epidemiological studies suggest that physical activity can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by 30% to 50% in the general population.7 Exercise helps treat the glucose, blood pressure, and lipid abnormalities often found in people with diabetes, and assists with weight loss maintenance.8 In the United States, only 39% of adults with diabetes are active compared to 58% of those without the condition.9
Pa And Prevention And Control Of Gdm
As the prevalence of diabetes continues to rise worldwide, it becomes increasingly important to identify high-risk populations and to implement strategies to delay or prevent diabetes onset. Women diagnosed with GDM are at substantially increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes therefore, PA may be considered a tool to prevent both GDM and possibly type 2 diabetes at a later date . Prepregnancy PA has been consistently associated with a reduced risk of GDM . Studies during pregnancy are sparse, with only one case-control study , one retrospective study , and one study of a cohort of Hispanic women observing significant protective effects of PA, while others have not .
Evidence statement.
Epidemiological studies suggest that higher levels of PA may reduce risk of developing GDM during pregnancy. ACSM evidence category C. RCTs suggest that moderate exercise may lower maternal BG levels in GDM. ACSM evidence category B.
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Best Ways To Lower Blood Sugar Quickly
When treated early, you can bring high blood sugar levels down and prevent complications, including DKA.
Some sources suggest that drinking water or eating a high protein snack can quickly lower your blood sugar levels, though there isnt enough research to support this.
If you have high blood sugar and need to lower it fast, try the following methods:
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Insulin Expiration Chart 2022
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What Are The Complications Of Low Blood Glucose
Mild-to-moderate low blood glucose can be easily treated. But severely low blood glucose can cause serious complications, including passing out, coma, or death.
Repeated episodes of low blood glucose can lead to
- high blood glucose levels, if worry or fear of low blood glucose keeps you from taking the medicines you need to manage your diabetes8
- hypoglycemia unawareness, a condition in which you dont notice any symptoms of low blood glucose until your blood glucose level has dropped very low
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Blood Sugar And Exercise
There are a few ways that exercise lowers blood sugar:
- Insulin sensitivity is increased, so your muscle cells are better able to use any available insulin to take up glucose during and after activity.
- When your muscles contract during activity, your cells are able to take up glucose and use it for energy whether insulin is available or not.
This is how exercise can help lower blood sugar in the short term. And when you are active on a regular basis, it can also lower your A1C.
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Ii: Tactics To Avoid Lows And Highs During And After Exercise
Ive included a toolbox of tactics below that can help avoid low and high blood sugars during exercise. You will need to experiment to figure out what combination of things works for your particular circumstances. These are simply suggestions, and you should make sure to confirm any changes to insulin with a healthcare provider.
How Exercise Affects Blood Sugar
The body relies on two sources of fuel during physical activity: glucose and fat, according to Harvard’s Joslin Diabetes Center. Prolonged or intense forms of exercise deplete blood glucose and glycogen stores as follows:
- During the first 15 minutes of exercise, the body relies mainly on blood glucose or muscle glycogen for fuel.
- As exercise continues, the body starts re-converting liver glycogen into glucose.
- After 30 minutes, the body starts to rely more on body fat.
- The body will eventually rebuild its glycogen stores , but exercise can lower blood sugar levels for up to 24 hours.
Exercise also makes the body more sensitive to the effects of insulin, meaning that more glucose is moved out of the blood and into the cells, according to the American Diabetes Association. Additionally, exercise prompts the cells to take in more glucose to meet the increased energy demands. This can also lead to lower blood sugars.
Exercise does not normally cause problematically low blood sugar for people without diabetes. In fact, reducing blood sugar levels through regular exercise is one of the best strategies to help prevent the development of diabetes, according to the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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Rebound Hypoglycemia After Eating
If sugar comes from the food you eat, why would blood sugar be low after eating? It may be due to a phenomenon called reactive hypoglycemia. This refers to low levels of blood glucose that react to high levels. According to Mayo Clinic, it can occur within 4 hours of eating a meal.
Say breakfast includes pancakes, syrup, and fruit juice. The meal is full of carbs: starch in the pancakes, added sugar in the syrup, and natural sugar in the fruit juice. Those carbohydrates get absorbed fast.
Blood sugar can skyrocket, especially in people who have prediabetes or diabetes. You may feel a sugar high, or burst of energy, within minutes to an hour of eating. Thenthe crash. The higher they fly, the harder they fall, is spot-on for blood sugar. If it went up, up, up, it will go down, down down, possibly below normal levels and into the range of hypoglycemia.
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How Exercise Impacts Glucose In The Long Term
There are no two ways about it. Even with the odd glucose spike, exercise is beneficial to your blood sugar levels in the long term. According to the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association, all exercise forms improve insulin sensitivity and blood sugar control.
But why does exercise have such a positive impact on your blood sugar levels? Letâs delve into the science a bit further, shall we?
Advice If You Have Type 1 Diabetes:
If your blood glucose level is higher than 16.7 mmol/L and you dont feel well, measure the ketones in your blood or urine.
- If ketone levels are high, all vigorous activity should be postponed and the hyperglycemia treated as per your doctors instructions.
- If ketone levels are normal and you feel OK, there is no reason to postpone the physical activity.
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Symptoms Of Low Blood Sugar
Low blood sugar triggers the hormone adrenaline, which causes rapid heart beat, sweating, and anxiety. If blood sugar continues to drop, it can result in more serious symptoms, such as blurred vision, coordination problems, and seizures. It’s important to notice the early warning signs, monitor blood sugar levels carefully, and act quickly if hypoglycemia is detected.
Hypoglycemia can be treated quickly by taking 15 grams of a fast-acting sugar source, such as juice, soda, candies, or honey. Remember the “15-15 Rule.” This rule suggests taking 15 grams of sugar, and check blood sugar levels after 15 minutes. If it’s still below 70 mg/dL, take 15 grams of sugar again.
Combined Aerobic And Resistance And Other Types Of Training
Inclusion of both aerobic and resistance exercise training is recommended. Combined training thrice weekly in individuals with type 2 diabetes may be of greater benefit to BG control than either aerobic or resistance exercise alone . However, the total duration of exercise and caloric expenditure was greatest with combined training in all studies done to date , and both types of training were undertaken together on the same days. No studies have yet reported whether daily, but alternating, training is more effective or the BG effect of isocaloric combinations of training. Milder forms of PA, such as yoga and tai chi, may benefit control of BG , although their inclusion is not supported conclusively at this time.
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Strategies To Keep Blood Glucose From Rising During Workouts
Now that you know what causes a blood glucose rise after or during exercise, you may expect and accept it during your next workout session because you know the benefits of exercise outweigh the rise in glucose. But if youd rather avoid it altogether, here are some strategies that might help:
B I Keep Going Low After Exercise
This often stems from greater insulin sensitivity after activity, which can last for a day or more following an intense workout. There are generally two types of post-exercise lows: immediately after exercise and delayed lows. Tactics #1 and #2 below will most help with immediate lows tactic #3 can help with delayed lows.
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How To Implement The Research Findings
Aside from me finding this super fascinating, what can we do with this information?
I think that this is a great piece of knowledge to have for trained athletes, those who are just starting out, and for parents managing their kids diabetes. It can serve as a guide when determining the amount of insulin and carbohydrates to safely administer prior to and post an activity.
The scientists compared interval training to sports like basketball and soccer where you have intense bursts of activity. I would add newer sports such as CrossFit, HIIT and HIT . It could also be boot camps, spinning classes, or if you just do a lot of cardiovascular interval training and heavy resistance training.
Armed with this scientific knowledge , I know that I dont need to reduce my insulin as much before and after an interval training or a resistance training session ), while I will need to make reductions if I do 40-60 minutes of steady state cardio.
For me, steady state cardio can be a long walk, a bike ride, or walking on an incline, Stairmaster or elliptical. With all of these activities, Ill see an almost instant drop in blood sugars. However, the improved glucose utilization wears off pretty quickly after I stop exercising, so I know to lower my insulin prior to steady state cardio but not after.
Blood Sugar Levels Before Exercise
If you check your blood sugars yourself, whether thats using diabetes technology or test strips, try doing this more often around the time youre starting to exercise.
Trial and error can help you to spot patterns, but remember to stay safe. If you begin exercising when your blood sugar levels are high, you may experience dehydration and tiredness. This can make it harder for you to do your activity, so its important to drink more and keep hydrated.
To help you get started, weve put together a set of general guidelines around blood sugar levels and moving more for people who test their blood sugars. You may find them useful to refer to when you are preparing to get active.
These recommendations are only guidance, and your individual experience when exercising may differ. You should speak to your healthcare team about what’s best for you.
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Talk To Your Doctor Or Nurse
If you use insulin and your blood sugar is frequently or consistently low, ask your doctor or nurse if you:
- Are injecting your insulin the right way
- Need a different type of needle
- Should change how much insulin you take
- Should change the kind of insulin you take
DO NOT make any changes without talking to your doctor or nurse first.
Sometimes hypoglycemia can be due to taking the wrong medicines. Check your medicines with your pharmacist.
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What Should I Eat Before My Workout
Even when you time your workout perfectly with your insulin, you may need to eat extra carbohydrates to prevent lows. Everyones carbohydrate requirements for exercise are unique. Checking your blood sugar before, during and after exercise will help you develop your own plan.
And dont forget to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water. Its also a good idea to have hypoglycemic treatment, like glucose tabs or juice on hand during exercise.
After exercise
The effects of exercise dont stop when the physical activity or exercise is over. Delayed onset hypoglycemia can occur, dropping your blood sugar in the 6 to 15 hours after exercise. This is something to take into account when estimating your insulin dose before and immediately after exercise.
Test your blood sugar before, and then every few hours after exercise, and record what exercise you do and what food you eat in your blood sugar record book or with an app. This will make it easier to see trends and will also help you and your diabetes team to develop good diabetes management strategies.
If your blood sugar levels continue to fall after exercise, you may need to decrease your insulin doses before and after exercise. The amount by which you reduce your insulin will depend on your blood sugar trend. Your endocrinologist or diabetes team will be able to give you advice about insulin adjustment.
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