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What Blood Test Tests For Diabetes

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Confirming Diagnosis Of Type 2 Diabetes And Prediabetes

How to test your blood glucose levels | Diabetes UK

Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is definitively made by blood tests. Diagnosis requires two abnormal test results from the same sample or from two different samples. Repeat the test using one of the following methods

  • Repeat the same test or run a different test.1 The second test should be done immediately.1
  • If two test results indicate diabetes, consider the diagnosis confirmed.1
  • If the two different tests conflict, repeat the test that is above the diagnostic threshold. Diagnosis is made based on the confirmed test.1

If the patients diabetes test results are close tobut not withinthe diagnostic range of the test, the patient may have prediabetes. Health care professionals may wish to observe patients with prediabetes whose condition is likely to progress, recommend lifestyle modifications, and retest in 3 to 6 months.1

What Is A Hemoglobin A1c Test

A hemoglobin A1c test measures how much a persons glucose levels have been in and out of the healthy range during the last 2-3 months. Glucose is a type of sugar used by the body for energy. Hemoglobin is the protein inside red blood cells that carries oxygen. If too much glucose builds up in blood, it binds to hemoglobin. High hemoglobin A1c levels can happen when someones blood sugars have been higher than their healthy range.

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How Do Carbs Affect Blood Sugar

Carbs in food make your blood sugar levels go higher after you eat them than when you eat proteins or fats. You can still eat carbs if you have diabetes. The amount you can have and stay in your target blood sugar range depends on your age, weight, activity level, and other factors. Counting carbs in foods and drinks is an important tool for managing blood sugar levels. Make sure to talk to your health care team about the best carb goals for you.

Who Is Most At Risk For Developing Diabetes

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The following categories of people are considered “high-risk” candidates for developing diabetes:

  • Individuals who have overweight or obesity.
  • Individuals who are 45 years of age or older.
  • Individuals with first-degree relatives with diabetes .
  • Individuals who are Black, Alaska Native, American Indian, Asia American, Hispanic/Latino, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islanders.
  • People who developed diabetes while they were pregnant or gave birth to large babies .
  • Individuals with high blood pressure .
  • Individuals with high-density lipoprotein below 25 mg/dl or triglyceride levels at or above 250 mg/dl.
  • Individuals who have impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance.
  • Individuals who are physically inactive engaging in exercise less than three times a week.
  • Individuals who have polycystic ovary syndrome, also called PCOS.
  • Individuals who have acanthosis nigricans, which are dark, thick and velvety skin around your neck or armpits.

In addition to testing the above individuals at high risk, the American Diabetes Association also recommends screening all individuals age 45 and older.

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Hba1c Test For Diabetes Diagnosis

An HbA1c test does not directly measure the level of blood glucose, however, the result of the test is influenced by how high or low your blood glucose levels have tended to be over a period of 2 to 3 months.

Indications of diabetes or prediabetes are given under the following conditions:

  • Normal: Below 42 mmol/mol
  • Prediabetes: 42 to 47 mmol/mol
  • Diabetes: 48 mmol/mol

How Often Do I Need To Do Blood Tests

How often you should test your blood glucose can vary depending on your type of diabetes.

People with type 1 diabetes should test at least 4 times per day including before each meal and before bed.

People with type 1 diabetes should also be supported by their GP to test up to 10 times a day if factors apply such as taking part in sport, to ensure safe driving and if you have impaired hypo awareness.

People with other types of diabetes on hypo-causing medication should test their blood glucose levels at least once a day. Aim to test at different times of the day to discover whether blood glucose levels are going too low at certain times of day. This will help you to take steps to prevent low or high results from happening and this can be done with help from your doctor.

If on medication that can cause hypos, be prepared to test your blood glucose levels at any time you feel the signs of hypoglycemia

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Why Do I Need Lab Tests For My Diabetes Care

You may be asking yourself why lab tests are necessary if you check your blood sugar regularly and thereve been no significant changes to your health.

Well, lab tests can measure changes in things like electrolytes and organ function years before they ever cause physical symptoms.

As a person living with diabetes, its important to catch any issues early, to help prevent long-term diabetes complications. If a lab test result is irregular, your provider can order follow-up tests, refer you to a specialist or order medications to help remedy the issue promptly.

Choosing A Blood Glucose Meter And Other Self

Australian scientists develop pain-free blood sugar test for diabetics

If you are not sure which blood glucose meter to buy, call your diabetes educator and health insurance company. They can tell you what you need to think about when shopping for a meter and other diabetes supplies. They may even be able to help you get a meter for a reduced price .

Most of todays home glucose meters also measure plasma glucose. If yours doesnt and instead measures the amount of glucose in your whole blood then it may be an old meter. You may want to check into getting a new one. Plasma and whole blood values arenât that different, but if your home meter measures plasma glucose, it makes it easier for you and your healthcare team to compare home test results with your lab test results.

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What Is The A1c Test

The A1C test is a blood test that provides information about your average levels of blood glucose, also called blood sugar, over the past 3 months. The A1C test can be used to diagnose type 2 diabetes and prediabetes.1 The A1C test is also the primary test used for diabetes management.

The A1C test is sometimes called the hemoglobin A1C, HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin, or glycohemoglobin test. Hemoglobin is the part of a red blood cell that carries oxygen to the cells. Glucose attaches to or binds with hemoglobin in your blood cells, and the A1C test is based on this attachment of glucose to hemoglobin.

The higher the glucose level in your bloodstream, the more glucose will attach to the hemoglobin. The A1C test measures the amount of hemoglobin with attached glucose and reflects your average blood glucose levels over the past 3 months.

The A1C test result is reported as a percentage. The higher the percentage, the higher your blood glucose levels have been. A normal A1C level is below 5.7 percent.

Types Of Blood Tests Used For Diabetes Diagnosis

Diabetes is a very common disease or health condition. Blood glucose level is very high here. Diabetes cannot make any rapid problems in your body. But being diabetic for a long time is dangerous. This may lead to serious health problems. Studies stated that 34.2 million people of all ages had diabetes almost 10.5 percent of the American population.

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Prevent Type 2 Diabetes

If your test results show you have prediabetes, ask your doctor or nurse if there is a lifestyle change program offered through the CDC-led National Diabetes Prevention Program in your community. You can also search for an online or in-person program. Having prediabetes puts you at greater risk for developing type 2 diabetes, but participating in the program can lower your risk by as much as 58% .

Why Are Blood Tests Done To Screen For Diabetes

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Many people who have diabetes don’t feel unwell in the early stages. By the time you get symptoms of diabetes, there may already be damage to important parts of your body. Treatment of diabetes can slow down further complications but cant usually repair this damage. This is why your healthcare provider might test you for diabetes even if you feel well.

Testing people for a condition like diabetes when they do not have any symptoms is called screening. Studies have been done to work out who is more likely to have diabetes so they can be screened.

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Our Diabetes Panel Includes The Following:

Hemoglobin A1c / Glycohemoglobin – The Hemoglobin A1c test evaluates the average amount of glucose in the blood over the past 8-12 weeks.

Random Microalbumin, Urine Test – Healthy kidneys filter waste and toxins from the blood and hang on to the healthy components, including proteins such as albumin. Kidney damage can cause proteins to leak through the kidneys and exit the body via urine. Albumin is one of the first proteins to leak when the kidneys become damaged.

Comprehensive Metabolic Panel – This panel contains 14 different measurements that collectively provide a look at the overall health of your metabolism. This test is used as a broad screening tool to evaluate organ function and check for conditions such as diabetes, liver disease, and kidney disease. CMPs are commonly ordered as part of routine blood work or are recommended by doctors as part of an annual physical.

The 14 measurements in the CMP panel include:

In addition to the 14 measurements, the CMP test also includes the following calculations:

  • Albumin/Globulin Ratio – The A/G ratio is calculated from measured total protein, measured albumin, and calculated globulin to help diagnose diseases.
  • BUN/Creatinine Ratio – The ratio of BUN to creatinine is usually between 10:1 and 20:1. An increased ratio may be due to a condition that causes a decrease in the flow of blood to the kidneys.

Who Is Most At Risk Of Developing Diabetes

There are known risk factors for developing diabetes, these include:

  • Being overweight or obese a BMI of 27 kg/m2 for people of Mori, Pacific or South Asian ethnicities, or 30 kg/m2 for people of other ethnicities.
  • Having a father, brother, mother or sister who developed type 2 diabetes at an early age, e.g. < 40 years.
  • Having severe mental illness, particularly if you are on long-term antipsychotic treatment.
  • Having heart disease or stroke.

These people should have regular screening tests for diabetes and prediabetes. Prediabetes is when blood glucose levels are higher than they should be but are not high enough for a diabetes diagnosis to be made. Read more about prediabetes.

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The Only Way You Can Find Out If You Or A Loved One Has Diabetes Is From Blood Tests That Measure You Blood Glucose Levels These Can Be Arranged Through Your Gp

A diagnosis of diabetes is always confirmed by laboratory results. Youll usually get the results of your blood test back in a few days. If you have symptoms that came on quickly and youve been taken into hospital, the results should come back in an hour or two.

A finger prick test using a home testing kit may show you have high blood sugar levels but won’t confirm you have diabetes.

A normal blood test result will show you don’t have diabetes. But the result will also show if you have diabetes or are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Can I Do A Fasting Blood Sugar Test At Home Instead

Blood Test Identifies Markers For Type 1 Diabetes

There are kits that allow you to test your blood sugar at home. But they should not be used to diagnose diabetes.

The results are often not as accurate as tests by a healthcare provider. Several factors can affect accuracy, such as:

  • Environmental conditions.
  • Unclean skin on the finger being pricked.
  • Expired or damaged test strips.
  • Not enough blood in the testing sample.

At-home blood testing kits are intended to help people who have already been diagnosed. They help people with diabetes manage the condition and understand what factors affect their blood sugar.

A note from Cleveland Clinic

Fasting blood sugar is a simple, common blood test to diagnose prediabetes, diabetes or gestational diabetes. Before the test, you shouldnt have anything to eat or drink for 8 to 12 hours. Talk to your healthcare provider about whether you need a fasting blood glucose test.

Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 10/17/2021.

References

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What Abnormal Results Mean

If you had a fasting blood glucose test:

  • A level of 100 to 125 mg/dL means you have impaired fasting glucose, a type of prediabetes. This increases your risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
  • A level of 126 mg/dL or higher usually means you have diabetes.

If you had a random blood glucose test:

  • A level of 200 mg/dL or higher often means you have diabetes.
  • Your provider will order a fasting blood glucose, A1C test glucose tolerance test , depending on your random blood glucose test result.
  • In someone who has diabetes, an abnormal result on the random blood glucose test may mean that the diabetes is not well controlled.

Other medical problems can also cause a higher-than-normal blood glucose level, including:

  • Overactive thyroid gland
  • Swelling and inflammation of the pancreas ( pancreatitis
  • Stress due to trauma, stroke, heart attack, or surgery
  • Rare tumors, including
  • Weight loss after weight loss surgery
  • Vigorous exercise

Some medicines can raise or lower your blood glucose level. Before having the test, tell your provider about all the medicines you are taking.

For some thin young women, a fasting blood sugar level below 70 mg/dL may be normal.

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Diabetes Tipo 1 Diabetes Tipo 2 Y Prediabetes

Su médico le indicará uno o más de los siguientes análisis de sangre para confirmar el diagnostic:

A1CEsta prueba mide el nivel promedio de azúcar en la sangre de los 2 o 3 meses anteriores. Los valores de A1C inferiores a 5.7 % son normales, los valores entre 5.7 y 6.4 % indican que tiene prediabetes y los valores de 6.5 % o mayores indican que tiene diabetes.

Azúcar en la sangre en ayunasEsta prueba mide el nivel de azúcar en la sangre después de ayunar toda la noche. Los valores de azúcar en la sangre en ayunas de 99 mg/dl o menores son normales, los de 100 a 125 mg/dl indican que tiene prediabetes y los de 126 mg/dl o mayores indican que tiene diabetes.

Prueba de tolerancia a la glucosaEsta prueba mide sus niveles de azúcar en la sangre antes y después de beber un líquido que contiene glucosa. Tendrá que ayunar la noche anterior a la prueba y le extraerán sangre para determinar sus niveles de azúcar en la sangre en ayunas. Luego tendrá que beber el líquido y le revisarán los niveles de azúcar en la sangre 1 hora, 2 horas y posiblemente 3 horas después. Los valores de azúcar en la sangre de 140 mg/dl o menores a las 2 horas se consideran normales, los valores de 140 a 199 mg/dl indican que tiene prediabetes y los de 200 mg/dl o mayores indican que tiene diabetes.

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What Does Diabetes Have To Do With Pregnancy

Gestational diabetes affects 4% of all pregnancies. Pregnancy can cause a change in hormones which will sometimes lead to insulin not functioning properly. Gestational diabetes is more likely to occur in pregnant women over the age of 25, pregnant women with a family history of diabetes, or pregnant women who were above an average body weight before pregnancy.

It is important to get tested for diabetes when trying to become pregnant, and during pregnancy.

What Are The Usual Treatments For Diabetes

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For type 2 diabetes, which is the most common type of diabetes, losing excess weight, eating a healthy diet that is high in fiber and restricted in carbohydrates, and getting regular amounts of exercise may be enough to lower your blood glucose levels. In many cases, however, medications may be necessary to achieve the desired glucose level. With type 1 diabetes , insulin injections several times a day are necessary. See the article on Diabetes for more on treatment.

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